The distance that the grow light needs to be away from the the plants depends on several factors, such as the form factor of the light, the grow space and how much space you are willing to cover.
The ideal distance between LED grow lights and plants varies depending on the growth stage and light intensity. For seedlings and clones, a distance of 24 to 36 inches is recommended to prevent light stress. During the vegetative stage, lowering the lights to 18 to 24 inches above the canopy promotes healthy growth, while in the flowering stage, the distance can be reduced to 12 to 18 inches to encourage bud development. High-intensity lights or lights with adjustable spectrums may require different distances. It's crucial to monitor for signs of stress and adjust the height accordingly, while using a light meter to measure light intensity can provide more precise guidance. Following the manufacturer's recommendations is essential to ensure optimal results for your specific plants and LED grow lights.